| 
LONG
  ESSAY | 
2 X 10 = 20 Marks | |
| 
1. | 
Define
  Haemostasis. Describe the mechanism of haemostasis. | |
| 
2. | 
Write the definition, normal values and
  variations of cardiac output. Explain the factors regulating cardiac output. | |
| 
SHORT
  ESSAY | 
10 X 5 = 50 Marks | |
| 
3. | 
Describe the structure of granulocytes
  with their functions. | |
| 
4. | 
Explain the fetal circulation. | |
| 
5. | 
Define asphyxia. Explain the effects of
  asphyxia. | |
| 
6. | 
Describe the lung
  volumes in detail. | |
| 
7. | 
What are the muscles of inspiration and
  expiration? Explain their role in normal respiration. | |
| 
8. | 
Define micturition. Discuss the mechanism
  of micturition. | |
| 
9. | 
Describe the mechanisms involved in the
  concentration of urine. | |
| 
10. | 
How does shivering help in maintaining
  the body temperature? Mention the temperatures in different parts of the
  body. | |
| 
11. | 
Enumerate and explain the functions of
  skin. | |
| 
12. | 
Describe the neuromuscular transmission. | |
| 
SHORT
  ANSWERS | 
10 X 3 = 30 Marks | |
| 
13. | 
What is acidosis? Mention its
  significance. | |
| 
14. | 
What is extracellular and intracellular
  fluid volume? | |
| 
15. | 
Enumerate the functions of lymph node. | |
| 
16. | 
What are the wandering reticulo
  endothelial cells? | |
| 
17. | 
Mention three functions of haemoglobin. | |
| 
18. | 
What is AV nodal delay? What is its
  importance? | |
| 
19. | 
What is respiratory cycle and trans
  pulmonary pressure? | |
| 
20. | 
What is residual volume? Mention its
  normal value and significance. | |
| 
21. | 
Define nephron. Draw a neat-labeled
  diagram of nephron. | |
| 
22. | 
What are the juxtaglomerular cells?
  Mention their importance. | |
* * * * *
